The dreaded ACL rupture epidemic: Part 3 "How do ACL injuries happen?"

How does the ACL injury happen? Can it be prevented? Lets dive in!

The dreaded ACL injury typically occurs during sports participation and is described as happening when the ACL is strained by either physical contact or  non-contact when a player cuts/pivots. Contact injuries occur when another individual hits the leg after a player changes directions quickly and pushes the knee into rotation or hyperextension. Non-contact injuries do not involve any other individuals except the injured athlete. During this scenario, the athlete’s knee is exposed to quick deceleration, hyperextension or rotation, and out of control movement causing the ligament to fail.

Click on the link to see the video of each type of ACL injury mechanism.

Noncontact injury -> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JQKko6C42s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=LuClWeD9ouI&NR=1

Non-Contact injuries are described as hyperextension or rotational.

Hyperextension Tear: (forceful over-straightening) is most often caused by accidents associated with:

• Skiing
• Volleyball
• Basketball
• Soccer
• Football

Rotational Tear: Because the ACL becomes taut with inward rotation of the tibia, activities placing any excessive inward rotation of the tibia (usually seen from a plant and twist mechanism) are seen in sports such as:

• Football
• Tennis
• Basketball
• Soccer

Injury to the ACL may occur in other sports, but less likely due to nature of contact and training:

• Wrestling
• Gymnastics
• Martial arts
• Running

Male/Female Comparison

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has performed research finding female athletes injure the ACL more frequently than their male counterparts. Females in soccer and basketball have the highest incidence of ACL knee injuries. Research suggests ACL injuries in females are greater due to strength imbalances, joint laxity, anatomical hip/knee angles, and training/development patterns.

Next week Part 4: “How to reduce ACL injuries”

Referenced from: http://ehealthmd.com/content/what-causes-acl-tear

The dreaded ACL rupture epidemic: Part 2 "Anatomy of an ACL rupture"

Functional Anatomy of the Knee

The knee joint consists of three bones, muscles and many ligaments. The shin bone (tibia), the thigh bone (femur) and the knee cap (patella) form the knee. The primary muscles are the quadriceps on the top of the thigh and the hamstrings on the back of the thigh. These muscles are primary controllers of how the knee moves.

 

Ligaments attach the bones together to allow the muscles to move the knee in a controlled and predictable fashion.  The knee has four main ligaments that control stability when you walk, run, and pivot. Two ligaments protect the stability of the knee from the side and are called collateral ligaments and two ligaments attach the thigh bone and shin bone from the center of the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of a pair of ligaments that cross at the center of the knee joint. This ligament crosses with the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). This pair of ligaments work together to stabilize the knee from front to back during normal and athletic movements. They function to keep the knee joint centered and prevent wear and tear on the joint cartilage inside the knee.

The knee has shock absorbing pads between the thigh and shin bone to protect from wear and tear. These structures are called the medial and lateral meniscus. Each pad is horseshoe shaped and absorbs weight when the foot contacts the ground and allows for frictionless movement at the knee joint.

Next week the post will be discussing Part 3 of this series: ACL rupture injury mechanisms

The dreaded ACL rupture epidemic: Part 1

As a sports injury physical therapist, I am asked weekly by concerned parents regarding ACL injuries. They watch sports on television and read articles regarding professional athletes such as the NFL Kansas City Chiefs safety Eric Berry and running back Jaamal Charles rupturing the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on television and being ruled out by the physicians for the rest of the season. Many fear that their adolescent athlete may suffer the same fate and ask if this type of injury can be prevented. Research shows injury prevention is possible with proper training and appropriate athletic development strategies.

It is true that ACL continues to be ruptured at an alarming rate in high school, collegiate and professional athletes and parents should be concerned.  An estimated 200,000 ACL-related injuries occur annually in the United States, with approximately 95,000 ACL ruptures. Approximately 100,000 ACL reconstruction surgeries are performed each year. The incidence of ACL injury is higher in people who participate in high-risk sports such as basketball, football, skiing, and soccer. Females have a 2.4-9.7 times greater prevalence of ACL injury compared to males of suffering this season ending injury.

To learn more about ACL ruptures and how to prevent this injury I will be writing posts regarding this subject with videos of exercises included!

Follow @lmhsportsrehab on Twitter and facebook.com/lmhsportsrehab for real time updates.

Quality and Effective Care for Athletic Injuries

When working with an injured athlete, the goal at LMH Sports Injury Rehabilitation is to guide the patient down the road of recovery in a quick, but safe fashion. When clinicians at LMH are allowed the privilege to work with a patient, the focus is on providing quality and effective care. The patient will see a specialist in sports injuries. Why?  Sports rehab specialists can return athletes back to the game with treatments based on the knowledge of the sport and position demands needed to return to sport participation. Backgrounds in athletic training and sport conditioning allow athletes to regain lost strength, speed and quickness when recovering from an ACL knee surgery, ankle sprain or even a shoulder injury.

"Be Better"

Therapists at Lawrence Memorial Hospital Therapy Services (Kreider) choose daily to become better in what we know, how we treat and how we communicate with patients.  There is a constant burning desire to improve clinical skills, attitude and knowledge base to help patients. Clinicians surpass the required education to maintain licensed and study journal articles, attend classes, read the latest books and even monitor current blogs related to the rehabilitation field to learn new ideas and concepts to help enhance treatments. This passion to improve is to benefit our patients and provide the Lawrence community with exceptional rehabilitation care.  Everyday is an opportunity for each of us to be better at our job and help the next patient needing our help recover function and prevent future injury.